- Australia’s catastrophic “Black Summer” bushfires significantly affected the hole in the Earth’s ozone layer.
- The result was “millions of tons of smoke and associated gases being injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere”.
- The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987 and since ratified by 195 countries, sharply reduced the amount of CFCs in the atmosphere, and the ozone layer was expected to fully recover by 2060.
Australia’s ‘Black Summer’ fires affected ozone layer: study

